Why does our Behavior Affect our Attitudes

Human behavior is an element of inborn traits and socialization traits; when human beings interact, they shape each other’s behavior, values, norms, and personal perception.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why does our Behavior Affect our Attitudes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to psychologists, behavior can be defined simply as an expression of one’s attitude, perception, values, and believe to an act; human behavior is molded by internal feelings, thoughts, and beliefs; what come-outs or the acts that human call behaviors are the end result (Freud Strachey, 1976). Psychologists have accepted that there is a close link between human behavior and attitude; this paper analyzes why behavior influences attitude. Human behaviors and attitude An act can be said to have become a behavior when it a person has repeatedly acted in a certain direction; according to the literature of human behavi or, it is personal but shaped by the external environment that someone is operating. It is appreciated that human beings develop a certain mode of behavior from factors arising from socialization right from childhood and these follow him to adulthood; however attitude follow behavior in some circumstances . Our values, beliefs and morals are largely influenced by the society we live in, culture, and hereditary factors. Some situations where behavior can shape our attitudes they include: Self presentation or creation of a self image In this case, a person may be confronted with as situation that he is expected to adopt a certain behaviors that he thought that the behaviors belonged to a certain class of people. He may be role-playing to seek conformity with a certain community or class of people. When in the role-playing, he may have his attitudes towards something that he has seen it differently changed. For example, the case of person who feels that the poor are poor because they d o not think on ways they can use to gain wealth, then the person may be shooting a certain film in the slums where he interacts with the people and assumes the role of being one of them to get information and shot his movie. At the end of the stay with the slums people, the person learns that life is difficult and the people lack the basics that they need to think and be creative, as he had anticipated they needed to do. Such a person is more likely to change his attitude toward the poor and learn how to respect them. Cognitive dissonance It is not always that people advocate for what they have positive attitude; they may be the advocators of something they rarely can believe or even do; however with time they are conditioning their minds towards the thing and they will eventually find themselves having a changed attitude.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Take the example of a person who feels that his employer is not acting well and is a nuisance, when such a person is chosen to teach new entrants on the company’s core values, ethics, and its human resources policies. He will offer the positive side of the story and in the end; he or she will have his attitude changed because of the positive talks engaged. Dissonance after decision For deviant people in the society, some consequences are likely to follow them; from the experience they get from the consequences of their deviant behavior, they may be forced to change their attitude. This mostly happens with offenders; the behavior that gets someone to jail may have resulted from inner perception or belief, when such a behaviors is punished, the person may change the behavior for the good. On the other hand, if someone was doing good anticipating some gains, but instead of gains, he got some setbacks, he is more likely to have a negative attitude toward the good behavior. For example, in work places, hard w ork is advocated and employers promise to compensate, reward and recognize those people who have an outstanding results; hard work is a behavior. In the case that after successful satisfaction of the employer an employee is not rewarded or in worse situation someone who had not done as much gets credit, then the hard-worker is more likely to develop a negative attitude towards working hard as well as his employer. Self-perception After being engaged in a certain behavior that someone thinks is good, what follow is a self-reflection of the decision as well as the behavior and the results of our actions. In the case that the act injured someone who had not been anticipated or un-justified, someone feels a sense of guilt that can change his attitude towards the act (Harold Beigel, 1990). For example, a teacher who supports punishment of students may change his perception after punishing a student then the student faints. The teacher may feel responsible of the act and his attitude tow ards canning completely changed. When attitude follows behavior, a person must have a reflection of the actions undertaken and if there is cognitive dissonance, the change of attitude is likely to follow. References Harold, R., Beigel, A. (1990). Understanding of human behavior for effective police work. New York: San Diego.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why does our Behavior Affect our Attitudes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Freud, S., Strachey, J. (1976). The complete psychological work of Sigmund Freud (standard edition) vol. (1-24).New York: W.W. Norton Company. This essay on Why does our Behavior Affect our Attitudes was written and submitted by user Keaton Irwin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Make a Glowing Ice Sphere Using Ice

Make a Glowing Ice Sphere Using Ice There are a few different ways you can make a non-toxic glowing ice sphere. You can even make a glowing crystal ball that you can float in a bowl of punch to drink. Glowing Ice Sphere Materials The most important item for this project is a mold that you can use to make a sphere of ice. You can use a plastic snap-together ball, meant for making your own holiday ornaments or you can fill any hemisphere containers to put together two halves of a sphere. Look for ice cube trays that make rounded ice, small bowls, large measuring spoons, melon ballers, etc. Plastic and metal containers work well; dont use any container made from thin glass, since it may shatter when you are freezing the ice. How to Make Water Glow for the Ice You have a few different ways to make your ice glow. Tonic Water - BlueTonic water glows blue when it is exposed to a black light due to the fluorescence of quinine, the ingredient which gives tonic water its characteristic flavor. You can freeze tonic water and float your ice sphere in a punchbowl. This type of glowing ice is completely safe to eat or drink. Highlighter Water - Any ColorIf you squeeze the ink from a non-toxic fluorescent highlighter pen into water and pour it into a mold, you can get an icy sphere that glows brightly under a black light. Although the ice is non-toxic, it isnt good to eat or drink. Use highlighter ink when you want a wide selection of colors or want brightly glowing ice. Glowing Ice - Greenish YellowIf you mix a little non-toxic glowing paint into some water and make an ice sphere, you will have an ice ball that glows in the dark for an extended period of time. This type of ice makes a great snowball. Shave the ice or slush it up in a blender, pack it into a snowball shape, expose it to a bright light , then turn out the lights and have a snowball fight in the dark. Watch a YouTube video tutorial showing how to make a glowing ice ball and see what they look like.

Application for a Master in Civil Engineering

My graduate received two internships for two weeks. The first internship took place at the Trident and Hyderabad Trident and hotels at Oberoi, where I worked on the design and implementation of the pile foundation and the pile load test. Therefore, I used the Kentlege method to learn the construction order of the boring position pile and the respective load test. My second internship took place at Indian airport authorities (Puducherry airport), I was actively involved in the partial implementation of the runway at 1,800 meters. My name is Abba Said. I am a civil engineer / project engineer. I learned civil engineering at Bauch State University (BASUG) in Canada. I graduated from grade 3. In 2011, I studied engineering project management for my master's degree at Coventry University. Being a civil engineer is not my first plan. I want to learn computer engineering. So I applied for computer engineering as the first and second choice of Ile-ife of Obaemi Awolowo University (OAU) in Ni geria. However, I did not satisfy their admission requirements, then changed my college to Bao Qi. Unfortunately, I missed Bauchi's ability test. Therefore, I decided to implement a one-year relief course at BASUG. When I officially enrolled in college, I had three choices. So I chose electrical engineering as my first choice, civil engineering as my second choice, civil engineering as my third choice. I am very pleased that I am studying civil engineering now. All civil engineers need to obtain a bachelor's degree in civil engineering (undergraduate degree). However, depending on the position, you may need a master's degree in engineering (master's degree). Civil engineers usually need years of experience to play a specific role in the design of construction projects at offices and on-site. The next step is to find a job of an engineering company that works for experts approved by the National Technical Association. If you like, you can maintain this level through your career. If y ou want a managerial position, you need to pursue more authoritative professional engineer qualifications. The first step is to take the basic engineering tests provided by NSPE. If you pass the exam, you are considered a training engineer.

Triaxial Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Triaxial - Lab Report Example The clisp studio was then set up followed by completing the Pressurising Triaxial Cell checklist. The test stages were then made to run. After completing the stages, the test was terminated using the Clip Studio. The next procedure was completing the Draining Triaxial Cell checklist. The end point was the mohr cicle, for each of the sampled, the angle of shearing resistance of the soil and the apparent cohesion Introduction The triaxial shear test is a method that is commonly used in measuring the mechanical properties of deformable solids such as rock, granular materials, powder, and soil (Byrne 34). For loose granular material such as gravel or sand, the material is often contained in cylindrical latex sleeve with platen closing off the bottom and top ends (Byrne 25). Such as cylinder is immersed in a water bath or any other fluid, which provides pressure along the cylinder sides. Then the top platen is mechanically driven along the cylinder axis with a view to squeeze the material . Generally, there are a number of variations on the test. Although the term triaxial tends to suggest that stresses may be different in 3 directions, this may not be true. In this test with water or oil as a confining medium, confining pressures are all equal in all the directions. This means that for a compressed test, in principle stresses, for compression test, ?1 ? ?2 = ?3, while for tensile test, ?1 = ?2 ? ?3) (Chen 32). Therefore, it is only in true triaxial test that the stresses in all directions (?1 ? ?2 ? ?3) can be different. The distance travelled by the upper platen is then measure as a function of force needed to push it while the pressure of the water surrounding it is carefully controlled (Chen 24). For cohesive materials such as rock, and clay, the test is quite similar to that of loose granular materials (Ferrari 56). However, the test for cohesive materials takes more time than the test for loose materials. For testing of rocks, the sleeve is always a thin metal sheet rather than latex. It is rare to perform a triaxial testing on a rock because the high pressures and forces has to break the rock sample. This is makes it cumbersome and costly.This experiment was focused on undrained triaxial compression test (Ferrari 44). The aim of this lab experiment was to determine the undrained shear strength of soil using triaxial compression test. Procedure The sample was extruded from a tube and trimmed to size with the diameter of the soil as 38mm and its leagth of 76mm. The sample was sleeved with a rubber membrane. The sample was placed on the pedestal at the botton side of the seal and cell using a rubber ring. The loading cap was then placed at the top of a sample and sealed with rubber ring. The top drainage tube was then secured. The cell was mounted over the sample and filled according to the flooding Triaxial cell checklist. The clisp studio was then set up followed by completing the Pressurising Triaxial Cell checklist. The test stages were then made to run. After completing the stages, the test was terminated using the Clip Studio. The next procedure was completing the Draining Triaxial Cell checklist. Results In this lab experiment, the moisture content were calculated as shown in table 1 Table 1: Moisture content Container No. 1 2 3 4 Mass of wet soil + container (m2) g 75.4 48.2 N/A N/A Mass of dry soil + container (m3) g 63.2 42.0 N/A N/A Mass container (m1) g 5.2 5.4 N/A N/A Mass of moisture

Internet of things for Dubai Electricities and water authority (DEWA) Essay

Internet of things for Dubai Electricities and water authority (DEWA) - Essay Example DEWA is one of the first local authorities in the emirate of Dubai to get completely enabled and has a website reflecting its effort towards effective communication with its clients. In this paper, I am going to look at how robots usage can benefit the organization with the unique ideas and devices that can get used internally and externally. In the artificial power generation field there exist three modes of major power plants that can get used for the purpose of generating massive electric power, which can meet the high electrical demand of the vast Dubai population. They include the thermal power plants, tidal power plants, and the nuclear energy plants. For the all these cases, mobile monitoring by the application of robots can get used, and efficiently perform the expected roles with lots of efficiencies. The concept of mobile surveillance entails the power systems entails the control as well as the maintenance of plant by some automated means, robot, from a very safe distance (Everett, 1995). The robotic usage solve this task through high levels of sensing, processing of signals, control performance, the relay of information accordingly and the optimization theory. The sensing mechanisms by the robots get enhanced by the use of various sensors such as sensing of acoustic, field sensing, and also the infrared sensing among others. This sensing is advantageous since it substitutes human workforce for dangerous and highly specialized operations, including the live maintenance of high-voltage transmission line, by the DEWA, which is a long-standing initiative in the Dubai electric power. In the process of monitoring the internal electric power usage by different households and companies, DEWA is applicable with the use of line scout robot. Line scout robot is a triple axis robotic arm, which has gotten designed in a manner that it can attain the four principal conductors of a transmission line. The

The United States of America Essay Example for Free

The United States of America Essay A glimpse of the multiple experiences of the author truly negates the circumstance that the United States of America has undergone for the past years and at this moment in time. There were several occurrences that the citizens felt that there is a bit change the way the country’s system is running which positively affects their manner of living. As the author, Anthony Burgess touches quite a few areas of Politics and Religion in his masterpiece â€Å"Is America Falling Apart? † he provide his readers a sense of sensuality as regards to dealing life and accept the practical world of transformation hand in hand with an articulate connotation of being realistic not just have an animalistic point of views. Burgess started his inscription in such a straightforward approach of looking back to things he had experienced when he stayed for about a year in New Jersey, and now that he came home to Bracciano, he can’t help but notice a huge difference towards the system he perceived of proliferating the system of life and living a gay but practical existence. Given the fact that it was quite hard to tackle living in an unstable realm together with harsh approach of survival, the author still paved a way of appreciating what life could have been if there is something to look forward to, â€Å"the quality of life has nothing to do with the quantity of brand names, what matter is talk, family, cheap wine in an open air, the wrestling of minimal sweetness but of the long-known bitterness of living† (Burgess, 286). The Author extremely enlightens his readers on how the United States of America deals with life – and that is full of extravagant material things which sometimes not necessary in building a true meaning of living. It has been said that in a year or two, the possessions that we have could be easily replaced due to a very fast paced transition of what’s in and what’s hot and certainly, these material possession would leave us with nothing but just a temporary and fake notion of fame, â€Å"Let me stay for a while on this subject of consumption. American individualism, on the face of it an admirable philosophy, wishes to manifest itself in independence of the community. You don’t share things in common; you have your own things. A family’s strength is signalized by its possessions† (Burgess, 287). You can easily sense that the author wishes to embark with its readers the realization of what life is all about giving emphasis on the platform that the realm he had been for quite sometime shares a positive impact of being realistic. Not all our naked eyes can reach is imperative to adopt in our system, we also need to scrutinize things and know what we really need and not just coping with what we desire, â€Å"America made me develop new appetites in order to make proper use of the supermarkets† (Burgess, 287). Bits and pieces around us can truly fascinate our subsistence but it is still in our discretion on how we say no to what we believe is not essential for us. The author epitomized how such thing made him feel as to what extent his self discipline reaches his soul – a good point to consider in dealing with life in order to proliferate. As we grasp the first statement of Anthony Burgess in his first paragraph, noticeably, he was depressed as he brings to mind together with his arrival in Bracciano the negative atmosphere of an unstable Italian government and a disheartening mode of living, â€Å"I find the Italian government still unstable, gasoline more expensive than anywhere in the world, butches and bank clerks and tobacconist ready to go on strike† (Burgess, 286). But as we approach the second paragraph, he revived his negative statements as he tries to put some positive air of giving hope, â€Å"It is delightful to be back. People are underpaid but they go through an act of liking their work, the open market are luscious with esculent color, the community is more is more important than the state, the human condition is humorously accepted† (Burgess, 286). A fastidious alteration of a structure wherein the readers would not just suffer the feeling of depression but at the same time it gives hope to find courage in battling what life has to offer as well as what our nation has in store for us. The author’s chose of style mutually with the use of language tends to adopt unfathomable terminology which translate to its reader to go deep as well which leads them to have intense feelings as regard to the controversy of the subject matter, â€Å"Consumption, on one level, is turning insipid, especially as the quality of the artifacts themselves seem to be deteriorating. Planned obsolescence is not conducive to pride in workmanship† (Burgess, 288). The structure of the essay exemplifies a voice of echoing scream of transformation in lieu of the way the nation lead its people. Practically, the usage of comparison connotes a strong hold to the statement that would merely strike the emotions of its readers. The effectiveness of the arrival of syntax was such of great use in terms of embodying the premise of the author, â€Å"A character in Evelyn Waugh’s Put Out More Flags said that the difference between prewar and postwar life was that, prewar, if one thing went wrong the day was ruined: postwar, if one thing went right the day would be made. America is a prewar country, psychologically unprepared for one thing to go wrong. Now everything seems to be going wrong. Hence, the neurosis despair, the Kafka feeling that the whole marvelous fabric of American life is coming apart at the seams. Italy is used to everything going wrong. This is what the human condition is about† (Burgess, 287). Intensely, the Burgess conveys how America seems to approach the downfall if it wouldn’t responsible enough to prepare for what unexpected occurrence will come transversely. Analogous to this, the strength of the words seems to hit the heart of the readers as it is very unyielding as the author stresses how the norm of the United States of America seems to be alike with other nation, which in turn leaves a mark of doubt and fear if it really shares a positive impact, â€Å"America is no longer Europe’s daughter nor her rich stepmother; she is Europe’s sister. The agony that America is undergoing is not to be associated with breakdown so much with the parturition of self-knowledge† (Burgess, 290). The relentless insights of Anthony Burgess indeed provide an enormous impact to its reader. We cannot deny the fact that his masterpiece was truly a focal deliberation of passionate clamor for transformation and readiness to what may come at hand. He uses diverse area of discussion such as Religion, Politics and even Literature. â€Å"America was built on a rejection of the past. Even the basic Christianity which was brought to the continent in 1620 was of a novel and bizarre kind that would have nothing to do with great Rank River of belief that produced Dante and Michelangelo. America as a nation has never been able to settle to a common belief more sophisticated than the dangerous naivete of the Declaration of Independence† (Burgess, 289). It was believed that there was something far beyond producing money and proliferate the luxurious material possessions that the people have in their homes. There’s a lot to explore like that of the Religion that will give the people a strong faith which will help them better to achieve the abundance that they really want in their lives. Political arena comes to mind as well as Burgess stressed how powerful the United States of America had become during the past years which give them the height of admiration, â€Å"When Europe, after millennia of war, rapine, slavery, famine, intolerance, had sunk to the level of a sewer, America became the golden dreams, the Eden where innocence could be recovered† (Burgess, 289). Accordingly, as we have been saying all through out the paper, the hope that eventually, everything will be put in its proper place and that the transformation and change will be put into account, not just have a one track of doing what we want – doing what the leaders want in their realm – maybe then a bright day full of hopes and dreams will inspire every individual in the nation that they belong, as the literary text expound â€Å"Shakespeare’s period was one of poverty, unemployment, ghastly inflation, violence in the streets. Twenty-six years after his death there was a bloody civil war, followed by a dictatorship of religious fanatics, followed by a calm respite in which the seeds of a revolution were sown. England survived. America will survive† (Burgess, 290). Anthony Burgess gives us a very good way of enlightenment – a profound illumination for America to have a clamor for change as well as a vibrant implementation of platforms that they have in order to propagate their nation.

New Learning Opportunities for Adult Learners Essay -- Internet Educat

New Learning Opportunities for Adult Learners The concept of adults as learners emerged both in this country and in Europe shortly after World War I; however, only in the last few decades has the theory of adult learning matured. Knowles, Tough, Houle, and Park, among others, have written extensively on the idea of the adult learner. In Tennant's book (1997), he discussed Knowles' adult learning theory. Knowles used the term andragogy to label adult learning theory. The andragogical model of the adult learner is based on the assumptions that adults need to know; adults have a need to be self-directed learners and have a self-concept of being responsible for their own decisions and for their own lives; adults bring reservoirs of their own experiences that posed as a significant resources in the process of learning; adults come ready and motivated to learn what they need to know in order to cope; and while adults are aware of external motivators (better jobs, promotions), it is internal pressures (job satisfaction, self-esteem ) that are the most powerful motivators (Tennant, 1997). While adult learners are constantly seeking specific information and knowledge that is relevant to their immediate problems, and are aware that they would benefit from further education, many are not interested in a standard long-term course of study. They do not have the time or energy to become involved in a traditional education system, and their concerns are context-dependent, focused on specific information relevant to their immediate concerns (Tennant, 1997). Given this information, it is natural that educators look to this relatively new phenomenon technology, namely, the Internet for Web-based learning opportunities. The W... ... learners with a wide variety of learning styles. References: Henke, H. (1997). Evaluating web-based instruction design [online]. Retrieved January 24, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://scis.nova.edu/~henkeh/story1.htm Lohr, L. (1998). Using ADDIE to design a web-based training interface [online]. Retrieved April 1, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.coe.uh.edu/insite/elec_pub/HTML1998/id_lohr.htm McManus, T.F. (1995). Special considerations for designing internet-based education. Technology and Teacher Education Annual, 1995, 32, 51-57. Tennant, M. (1997). Psychology and adult learning (2nd ed.) (pp. 9). New York: Routledge. Twigg, C.A. (1994). The need for a national learning infrastructure [online]. Retrieved January 24, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://192.52.179.128/program/nlii/keydocs/monograph.html

Foster Care: a Social Injustice Essay

The United States foster care system is classified as a social injustice in the following ways: * Once a child in foster care turns 18, they age out of the system. This means that they no longer receive help from Child Protective Services. (CPS) * Children in foster care are often treated unfairly because of their background and health problems. Many children end up in shelters or foster homes that don’t take care of them. * Biological parents of foster children cause many problems for their children. Severe emotional, behavioral, and developmental issues affect around 30% of these children. Such problems are another reason why people treat foster children differently. Children are placed in foster care after they are removed from their homes. They are removed for numerous reasons such as abuse, neglect, drug/alcohol abuse, or any other reason CPS finds to take a child. * There are about 10,000 currently in foster care just in Arizona alone. The case load has exceeded its limit by 62%. There aren’t enough homes to house all of these children. To help this social injustice, families volunteer to become certified foster families to foster children. The process is very long and takes time before they are allowed to foster. Organizations such as Casa de los Nià ±os, the Blake Foundation, and Children’s Advocacy Center work with CPS to help foster families take care of the children. Law enforcement, daycares, the Juvenile Court Center, transportation/supervision companies, and the Foster Care Review Board are also very involved in the foster care system. Based on the history of this failing system, I believe we study history to learn from our mistakes. With more knowledge, we should be able to better help the parents and keep their children from abuse, neglect, and death. In Arizona, 23 children were killed by their parents in 2010. Hopefully in the future we can have no child die while in foster care.

Mental state

1. Why is a defendant’s mental state at the time of the offense (MSO) important from a legal standpoint?From a legal standpoint, the relevance of the mental state of the defendant is important because it determines whether or not the act was done with any capability, aptitude, or ability.   These factors are relevant because they determine if the defendant acted with consciousness in the commission of the offense.   The commission of an offense without any knowledge of the gravity of the situation or under a state of insanity is an exempting circumstance that exonerates the defendant from any criminal liability.The mental state is also important during the custodial investigation wherein the defendant is read his Miranda Rights.   This is particularly important because the law provides that the accused has the right to know of the nature of the charges against him and the possible consequences of any answer which he may give during such questioning.   A mentally incapa ble or incompetent person will be unable to comprehend these matters and therefore it is important to determine his capacity.Another perspective is that the mental state of the defendant also determines his competency to stand trial (CST), Competency to refuse an insanity defense, Competency to confess, Competency to waive rights to silence, Competency to dismiss counsel, Competency to serve a sentence, and Competency to be executed.   Under the Constitutional requirement of due process, the defendant has a right to know the charges against him and also to cross examine any witnesses that will be presented as well as the right to defend himself in court.   Without a determination of the competency of the defendant, such rights of the defendant may be violated which is against the Constitutional guarantee of due process.2. What is the role of a forensic psychologist in such cases?The role of a forensic psychologist in such cases is to determine the mental competency of the defend ant.   The in-depth knowledge of human cognitive and emotional functioning that the forensic psychologist possesses enables him to arrive at a conclusion on whether or not the defendant is competent to stand trial.   The forensic psychologist can also conduct and insanity examination to determine whether or not the act was done with criminal intent (mens rea) by the defendant.The different forensic assessment instruments that the forensic psychologist utilizes in order to determine the competency of the defendant are the following, Competency Screening Test (CST), Competency Assessment Instrument (CAI), Interdisciplinary Fitness Interview (IFI) and the MacArthur Structured Assessment of the Competencies of Criminal Defendants (MacSAC-CD).3. What mistakes might a forensic psychologist make when conducting this type of evaluation?The most common error that a forensic psychologist might make during these types of evaluations involves the area of predicting the human behavior of the defendant.   While the different tests and evaluations that the forensic psychologists use may be relatively accurate in determining the competency of the defendant to stand trial and at the commission of the offense, the difficulty lies in determining how long the incompetency will last and whether or not the defendant is liable to commit future crimes in case the defendant is released or exonerated.At the present there is no way of determining whether or not the defendant may commit future crimes.   It must also be remembered that the forensic psychologist conducting the examination must also be well versed with the pertinent provisions of law applicable to the case.References:Adler, J. R. (Ed.). (2004). Forensic Psychology: Concepts, debates and practice. Cullompton: Willan.Ribner, N.G.(2002). California School of Professional Psychology Handbook of Juvenile Forensic Psychology. Jossey-Bass. ISBN 0-7879-5948-0

Ibid. or Op. Cit. Latin Terms in Academic Referencing

Ibid. or Op. Cit. Latin Terms in Academic Referencing Ibid. or Op. Cit.? Latin Terms in Academic Referencing We’ve written about the term â€Å"et al.† before. However, there are several other Latin terms we can use when referencing sources in an academic paper. In this post, we look at a few of the most common, including â€Å"ibid.,† â€Å"op. cit.† and â€Å"loc. cit.,† â€Å"passim,† and â€Å"cf.† 1. Ibid. (In the Same Place) One of the most widely used Latin terms in academic referencing is â€Å"ibid.† This is short for ibidem, which means â€Å"in the same place.† It is therefore used for repeat citations: 1. Danielle Ward, Any Questions? (London: DTRT Publishing, 2017), p. 30. 2. Ibid. 3. Ibid., p. 39-41. Here, for example, we have three footnotes that all cite the same source. We give the full source information in the first footnote. After that, we use â€Å"ibid.† in the next two footnotes to show that we’re citing the same source without having to write the publication information out again. In the second footnote, we use â€Å"ibid.† by itself to cite the exact same page as the previous citation. But in the third, we also give page numbers to show that we’re citing a different part of the same text. 2. Loc. Cit. and Op. Cit. (Repeat Citations) The Latin terms â€Å"loc. cit.† and â€Å"op. cit.† are also used for repeat citations, but each one has a specific function. â€Å"Loc. cit.† is an abbreviation of loco citato, which means â€Å"in the place cited.† It is used when citing the exact same part of a source as in a previous citation: 1. Danielle Ward, Any Questions? (London: DTRT Publishing, 2017), p. 30. 2. Loc. cit. Since it is only used for the same part of a text, you never need to give a page number with â€Å"loc. cit.† Meanwhile, â€Å"op. cit.† is short for opere citato, which translates as â€Å"in the work cited.† We use this when referring to a different part of the cited text: 1. Michael Legge, Precious Little (New York: Pod Books, 2015), p. 198. 2. Op. cit., p. 102. With these terms, if you cite other texts before returning to the one you are citing again, you should also include the author’s surname in the repeat citation to clarify which source you’re referencing. 3. Passim (Scattered Throughout) â€Å"Passim† comes from the Latin word passus, which meant â€Å"scattered.† We therefore use it to reference information that is scattered throughout a text: This usage of â€Å"democracy† is repeated throughout the text (Carlin, 2007, passim). Generally, it is better to give an exact citation if possible. But â€Å"passim† can be used if you want to point to relevant information that appears in many different parts of a source. 4. Cf. (Comparisons) The term â€Å"cf.† is short for conferatum. This translates as â€Å"compare,† so we use â€Å"cf.† when we want to highlight a text for comparison: The approach adopted by Robins (2002) is a striking contrast to those used by their predecessors (cf. Blackburn, 1974). In this case, for instance, we’re using â€Å"cf.† to suggest a contrast between Robins and Blackburn. A Final Note Keep in mind that different referencing systems prefer different Latin terms! If you’re not sure which of these to use in your work, remember to check your college style guide first.

Orcein Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Orcein - Assignment Example The project recommended that, when performing Orcein staining technique, it is important to use Orcein from different suppliers, which can reduce errors in the detection process by comparing the different results obtained by each company’s dye (Krishna, 2013). It is also important to stain at least a sample of five or more slides before deeming the results as negative. Orcein staining technique is thus, a simple and excellent method for detecting HBsAg, resulting in a positive Hepatitis B result and can give reproducible results in a routine environment. In addition, the project explains how Hepatitis B infects the hepatocytes of the liver. The Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) occurs as granules, which are fine in texture and can be diffusely spread out on the entire cytoplasm or concentrated in the peripheral regions of the cytoplasm or the sinusoidal space (Ray, 2012). The appearance of these granules is referred to as ground glass. HBsAg appears as round, oval or as irregularly shaped aggregates in a single cell involvement. (Kirkpatrick, 1982). Even though the examination is necessary when diagnosing Hepatitis B, a number of staining techniques exist that assist in detecting Hepatitis B in the liver (Krishna, 2013). Some techniques such as a simple H & E stain or other immunohistochemical markers are used. Orcein stain makes it possible to observe the morphological identification of

Sports nutrition for Adolescence Research Paper

Sports nutrition for Adolescence - Research Paper Example The journal article focuses on determining the hydration enhancement levels of both the coconut water and sports drinks (Feldman, 2012). The study focuses on the artificially colored carbohydrate sports drinks. The drinks contain carbohydrate elements. The study focuses on the use of coconut water to increase the athletes’ hydration levels..The athletes were either drinking coconut water or carbohydrate sports drinks. The athletes’ exercise performances were then measured. The researchers gathered data on the respondents’ regular exercise routines. The treadmill test was used in the experiment s (Feldman, 2012). Rehydration fills the sports person’s need for water. Another research indicated energy drinks supply energy-boosting nutrients to the sports person (Wilborn, 2012). By consuming lesser nutrition amounts, the athletes get easily tired, reducing their racing speed (Seco et al., 2013). The findings show that there is no significant difference between coconut water and the carbohydrate sports drinks. Both methods were able to hydrate the sports athletes. Similarly, the athletes drinking either coconut water and carbohydrate sports drink suffered from stomach upsets. ConclusionThe results of the research show that both drinks are able to hydrate the sports athletes. There is no significant difference between the carbohydrate sports drinks and coconut water, in terms of hydration of the athletes. Both the sports drinks and coconut water enhanced the athletes’ exercises.